That's a tricky one to answer because there are so many medical conditions that can happen to a dog. It’s difficult and bordering on impossible to tell you if your dog does this or that, they need first aid. First aid is providing medical care in an emergency, so I think things like lacerations and blood loss are the most obvious and common things that you as a pet owner would see, be able to recognize immediately, and administer first aid to.

Maybe if your dog has a history of seizures, and you already have anti-seizure medications, then you might argue that giving that animal a higher dose of anti-seizure medications might be administering first aid. I can’t argue with that. That might be something that would be good too, but it just depends on what's going on as to what kind of first aid that could be remedied or used. If there's any question of what's going on or what needs to be done, get on the phone and call your veterinarian, and they can walk you through what needs to be done more accurately.

Well, I touched upon the beginning first. When the dog first gets here, it will be stabilization, fluids, steroids, oxygen, whatever's necessary in that particular case. Beyond that, if it is something that requires more diagnostics, we're going to run tests. We might have to run a urinalysis, a stool sample, blood work, x-rays, maybe an ultrasound. Those kinds of things will happen once the patient's stabilized. But that might need to be done, so once again, we can pinpoint a diagnosis and then really begin a specific treatment. What does that look like? Is the treatment steroids? Is it antibiotics? Sometimes, the blood work is necessary to tell us what it is, so we know which one to go with.

If your dog's on medication, first, bring the medications with you. I know typically, in an emergency, nobody's thinking clearly. If you're able to grab the bottles and bring them with you, great. Maybe you want to make a list and just keep it handy on the fridge or something like that. If you’re going to just grab a list and note that these are the medicines my dogs are on and what they're for, do that. If it's your regular veterinarian, you may not even need that list of medications because they should have it. But you never know; it's better to be prepared.

Number two, make the veterinarian aware if the dog has ingested anything. Say they ate poison, maybe you put out rat poison, or perhaps you gave them a certain type of food, treat, or candy, or something, and it's making them sick. If you have any opportunity to bring the packaging, the labeling, from whatever they were given, especially with toxins or poisons. But if you can bring in anything that your dog may have ingested, that’s helpful.

We will assess or triage your dog to see precisely what's going on, and we’ll check the dog’s vital signs. We need to know just how critical this is right away. And based on those findings, we find out whether we need to start an IV catheter and fluids, a shock dose of steroids, or perhaps we need oxygen. Those kinds of things will be immediately assessed because, first and foremost, you’ve got to make sure the dog is stabilized.

Basically, we're just looking for anything abnormal. To say that there's one thing I'm searching for is not true. It's just once you know what a normal mouth and healthy gums look like, you're looking for anything that varies from that—tartar, gingivitis, any of those things. So we start there, and then we kind of dig a little deeper if necessary.