Ever wondered what your veterinarian means when they suggest running some blood work on your furry friend? Blood work, whether presurgical or part of routine check-ups, typically involves a combination of a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemical analysis. Let's explore why blood work is an essential evaluation tool and how it helps monitor your pet's health.
Complete Blood Count (CBC): A Closer Look at Cells
When your pet's blood is drawn, both the cells and the fluid they travel in are examined, starting with the CBC. This analysis includes assessing red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), hemoglobin, and hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV). Each element plays a vital role, from carrying oxygen (erythrocytes) to fighting infection (leukocytes). Abnormal counts can indicate conditions like anemia, polycythemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, or thrombocytopenia.
Blood Chemistry: Delving into Fluid Analysis
The chemistry panel tests kidney and liver function, electrolyte levels, and more, examining the fluid part of the blood sample. Common tests include alkaline phosphatase (SAP, ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin total (T Bili), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatine kinase (CK, CPK), sodium, potassium, glucose, total protein, and albumin.
Here's a glimpse into some key blood chemistry components:
- Alkaline Phosphatase: Elevated levels can signal liver or bone injury, pregnancy, dental disease, or growth. Low levels might not be clinically significant.
- Alanine Transaminase: Increased levels can indicate liver damage, kidney infection, or chemical pollutants.
- Bilirubin (Total): Elevated levels are linked to liver disease, hemolytic anemia, or drug toxicity.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine: These indicate kidney function, with increases suggesting kidney damage and decreases associated with a poor diet or liver disease.
- Glucose: Elevated levels may point to diabetes, liver disease, or stress, while low levels can indicate liver disease, insulin overproduction, or hypothyroidism.
- Total Protein and Albumin: Abnormal levels may signify issues such as poor nutrition, liver disease, infections, or dehydration.
Understanding these components helps your veterinarian gauge your pet's overall health. Regular blood work, especially for senior pets, is vital for early disease detection and monitoring. It's a simple yet powerful tool that contributes to your pet's well-being and a long, happy life.
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