Excessive itching, scratching, and discomfort can significantly impact a pet's quality of life. While corticosteroid hormones provide rapid itch relief, their long-term use may lead to adverse effects. Alternative approaches for managing itch and inflammation include:
1. Infection Control
Infections can exacerbate itching. Staphylococcus bacteria and Malassezia fungi are common culprits. Treating these infections promptly can alleviate itching.
2. Long-Acting Injectables
Lokivetmab (Cytopoint®): A monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin 31, a mediator of itching. Provides rapid relief for many dogs and helps extend the time between skin infection flare-ups.
3. Oral Medications
- Antihistamines: Can be effective for some chronic cases, but responses are variable. Diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, loratadine, cetirizine are commonly used.
- Cyclosporine (Atopica): Immuno-modulating drug effective for long-term management. Takes weeks to show results.
- Oclacitinib (Apoquel®): Rapid-acting inhibitor of itching, suitable for both acute flare-ups and long-term management. Does not have anti-inflammatory effects.
4. Fatty Acid Supplementation
Evening primrose oil and fish oil supplements have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used to manage skin issues.
5. Ultra-Microsized Palmitoylethenolamide (PEA) (Redonyl®)
Natural substance that helps restore skin balance and prevent the release of biochemical mediators of itching. Available as flavored chews for dogs.
6. Topical Therapies
- Topical Steroids: Can be used for localized relief of hot spots and irritated areas.
- Shampoo Therapy: Shampoos containing colloidal oatmeal, phytosphingosine, lime sulfur dip, or other specific ingredients can help manage itch and address underlying causes.
7. Respect the Steroid
While it's important to minimize long-term steroid use, they remain valuable tools for providing relief. Steroids should be reserved for the most severe itch episodes and monitored carefully.
8. Flea Control
Fleas can exacerbate itching even if not directly observed. Good flea control practices are crucial in managing itch symptoms.
It's important to work closely with a veterinarian to determine the most appropriate itch relief strategy for your pet. Monitoring and adjusting treatment based on the individual pet's response is essential for effective management of itching and discomfort.
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