Lice infestations in dogs and cats are relatively uncommon in the United States. While lice can affect animals in various environments, they are more commonly found in crowded conditions and among pets that are not closely observed. Lice are host-specific, meaning dog lice affect dogs, cat lice affect cats, and human lice affect humans. This article provides information on the types of lice that affect cats, their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Types of Lice
Lice are flat, wingless insects with six legs that can be seen with the naked eye, making their diagnosis relatively straightforward. They spend their entire 21-day life cycle on the host animal, laying eggs called nits on the hair shafts. Nits are white flakes attached to the pet's hair and are easily visible.
Cat Lice: Cats are affected by a chewing louse called Felicola subrostrata. These lice can cause similar symptoms, including itching, dry coat, and bald patches.
Transmission
Cat lice are primarily transmitted through direct contact with an infested dog or cat. They can also be transmitted through contact with grooming equipment or bedding contaminated with lice or their eggs (nits).
Diagnosis
Veterinarians can diagnose louse infestations by visually examining the pet. The presence of lice and nits on the pet's hair shafts is a clear indicator of infestation.
Treatment and Prevention
Lice infestations are generally treatable as lice have not yet developed resistance to commonly used insecticides. Treatment options may include:
- Insecticide Shampoo: Bathing the pet with an insecticide shampoo to eliminate adult lice.
- Insecticide Spray or Powder: Applying an insecticide spray or powder to continue killing lice and nits.
- Topical Medications: Using topical medications like fipronil, selamectin, or isoxazoline (e.g., sarolaner, lotilaner, fluralaner, and afoxalaner) to treat lice. Treatment may need to be repeated to kill newly hatched lice.
- Shaving: Shaving matted areas or the entire pet, if necessary.
It's important to clean grooming equipment after each use and maintain proper sanitation in places with a high turnover of animals, such as shelters, rescues, and boarding kennels.
While fogging for environmental control of lice is generally not required, it may be necessary for severe infestations.
Lice infestations in cats are uncommon but can cause discomfort and skin issues for affected pets. Early diagnosis and treatment by a veterinarian can effectively eliminate lice. Maintaining proper hygiene, regular grooming, and sanitation can help prevent lice infestations in pets.
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