Nasopharyngeal polyps, also known as naso-pharyngeal or otopharyngeal polyps, are common benign growths found in cats. These polyps can occur in various locations within the upper respiratory and ear canal, leading to a range of symptoms. While the exact cause of these polyps remains unclear, they are often associated with inflammation or viral infections, such as feline calicivirus. This article provides information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of nasopharyngeal polyps in cats.
Causes
The precise cause of nasopharyngeal polyps in cats is not definitively known. However, these polyps are frequently linked to inflammation or viral infections, including feline calicivirus. Additionally, some cats with ear infections may develop these polyps due to inflammation.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal polyps in cats can vary depending on the location and size of the polyps. Common symptoms include:
- Snoring
- Nasal discharge
- Sneezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Head shaking
- Balance problems
- Scratching at the ear
- Head tilt
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Foul odor from the ear
- Ear infection
- Difficulty swallowing, which may lead owners to believe the cat is not hungry
Diagnosis
Diagnosing nasopharyngeal polyps involves a series of steps:
- Physical Examination: The veterinarian conducts a physical examination to assess the cat's condition, including the ears and throat.
- Imaging: Imaging tests such as radiographs, CT scans, or MRI scans of the skull may be performed to visualize the polyps' location and extent.
- Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy of the growth may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis. This might involve sedation or anesthesia to examine the ear canal properly.
Treatment
The primary treatment for nasopharyngeal polyps in cats is surgical removal. The choice of surgical technique depends on the polyp's location:
- Traction/Avulsion Technique: For polyps located at the back of the throat, they may be plucked out using this technique. However, plucked polyps can sometimes regrow.
- Ventral Bulla Osteotomy: This technique is used for aural (ear) polyps and involves making an incision to access the polyp through the ventral bulla of the ear.
Post-surgery, the cat may need to wear an e-collar for 10 to 14 days to prevent self-trauma to the surgical site. Antibiotics may be prescribed for several weeks to prevent or treat any secondary infections.
Surgical removal of nasopharyngeal polyps can occasionally affect the nerves around the eye, causing temporary difficulties in blinking. While this typically resolves within a few days to weeks, permanent damage is possible.
As the cause of these polyps is often unknown, they can occasionally recur after surgery. Some studies suggest that the use of prednisone for two weeks following traction removal may reduce the likelihood of recurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment generally lead to better outcomes.
In conclusion, nasopharyngeal polyps in cats are benign growths with various associated symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention are crucial for managing this condition and ensuring the cat's comfort and well-being.
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