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Diseases and Conditions: The Complete Guide for Insulin Administration in Cats

For cat owners dealing with feline diabetes, insulin administration becomes an essential part of managing their pet's health. The goal is to maintain stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, typically through twice-daily injections, to alleviate symptoms such as excessive urination and increased appetite. In this article, we'll explore the ins and outs of insulin administration for your feline friend, providing guidance on types of insulin, storage, and safe injection techniques.

Understanding Insulin Types

Insulin is a vital medication in controlling feline diabetes. Several insulin options are available, each with distinct characteristics:

  • Vetsulin (Caninsulin): Derived from pork, suitable for dogs but can also be used in cats. It's considered an intermediate-acting insulin and comes in vials or injection pens.
  • PZI Insulin (Prozinc): Originally from beef origin, now available as Prozinc®, a human-origin PZI insulin. It falls under the long-acting insulin category.
  • Lantus (Glargine) and Detemir (Levemir): Human insulin varieties known for their long-acting properties. They are effective for diabetic cats and are available in vials or injection pen formats.
  • Humulin (Various Forms): Formerly available in multiple forms, it's now primarily represented by Humulin N and R. Humulin N is commonly used in pets but is typically not long-acting enough for cats.

Choosing the right insulin depends on your cat's specific needs, so consult with your veterinarian to determine the best option.

Insulin Storage

Proper storage of insulin is crucial to maintain its effectiveness:

  • Refrigeration: While insulin doesn't require refrigeration, refrigerating it can extend its shelf life. Consult with your veterinarian, as some insulins may need refrigeration.
  • Expiry Date: Never use insulin past its expiration date.
  • Freshness: Ideally, replace an insulin bottle every 6 to 8 weeks, ensuring it's stored properly and not discolored.
  • Avoid Freezing: Do not use insulin that has been frozen, as it can lose its effectiveness.
  • Protect from Light and Heat: Insulin should be kept away from direct light and excessive heat.

Choosing the Right Syringe

Insulin syringes come in two types: U-40 (for 40 units per cc insulin) and U-100 (for 100 units per cc insulin). Ensure you use the syringe that matches the insulin concentration. Most veterinary insulins use U-40 syringes, while many human insulins are U-100. Consult with your veterinarian if you're unsure.

How to Give Injections

  1. Prepare Your Cat: Ensure your cat has eaten before administering insulin to prevent a sudden drop in blood sugar.
  2. Select the Injection Site: Vary the injection site to prevent scarring or fat deposits that may affect insulin absorption. Common locations include the scruff, loose skin over the shoulders, and the center of the scruff.
  3. Insert the Needle: Hold the scruff, aim for the center of the triangle formed by the skin, and insert the needle with confidence. Ensure you don't see blood when pulling back slightly on the syringe plunger.
  4. Administer the Insulin: Push the plunger to deliver the insulin dose. If your cat escapes or there's uncertainty about the dose, do not give more insulin; wait until the next scheduled dose.

What to Watch For

Changes in Insulin Requirement: Be alert to changes in your cat's insulin needs. If symptoms like weight loss, increased appetite, and excessive thirst and urination return, it may be time to reevaluate the insulin dose.
Hypoglycemia Awareness: Understand the signs of hypoglycemia, which may include listlessness, incoordination, seizures, or collapse. If you suspect hypoglycemia, offer an enticing meal or have a sugar source (like Karo syrup) on hand to administer if needed.

Insulin administration can be a manageable aspect of feline diabetes care with proper understanding and practice. Always work closely with your veterinarian to ensure the best care for your diabetic cat.

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