Understanding your pet's normal state is vital in identifying potential health issues. This comprehensive physical exam checklist, created by experts, empowers pet owners to conduct routine assessments at home. By familiarizing yourself with your pet's baseline, you can swiftly recognize deviations from normal and seek professional assistance when needed. Follow this guide to perform a thorough physical exam on your beloved companion.
1. Observation
- Posture, breathing, activity level, and general appearance should be observed.
- Note any changes or abnormalities in behavior, demeanor, or mobility.
2. Nose
- Normal: Moist and clean.
- Abnormal: Dry or cracked, nasal discharge, bleeding.
3. Skin and Haircoat
- Normal: Shiny, smooth haircoat, soft, unbroken skin, minimal odor.
- Abnormal: Sparse or patchy haircoat, open sores, oily or greenish discharge, foul odor.
4. Eyes
- Normal: Bright, moist, clear, centered between eyelids, equal-sized pupils.
- Abnormal: Dull or sunken eyes, dry appearance, thick discharge, unequal pupils, abnormal colors.
5. Ears
- Normal: Clean, dry, odor-free, typical carriage for breed, pain-free.
- Abnormal: Wounds, scabs, rash, moisture, strong odor, atypical carriage, painful or swollen ears.
6. Mouth
- Normal: Clean and white teeth, uniformly pink gums.
- Abnormal: Tartar accumulation, red, pale, inflamed, or sore gums.
7. Neck, Chest, and Breathing
- Normal: Smooth breathing, effortless chest wall movement.
- Abnormal: Unusual noises, visible effort, abnormal chest wall movement, discomfort.
8. Abdomen (Stomach)
- Normal: No lumps, bumps, masses, discomfort, or distension.
- Abnormal: Any abnormality in texture, shape, or sensitivity.
9. Skin Turgor Test
- Normal: Skin snaps back quickly when tented.
- Abnormal: Skin returns slowly, indicating possible dehydration.
10. Pulse and Heart Rate
- Normal: Cats: 100-160 bpm, Dogs: 60-160 bpm, strong and regular pulse.
- Abnormal: Irregular, weak pulse, or difficulty locating the pulse.
11. Temperature
- Normal: 101F to 102.5F, clean thermometer after use.
- Abnormal: Below 100F or above 103F, evidence of blood or abnormal stool on thermometer.
Regular home examinations using this checklist enable you to monitor your pet's health effectively. Familiarize yourself with your pet's normal values, record observations, and seek veterinary assistance promptly if abnormalities are detected. Your attentiveness and proactive care contribute significantly to your pet's well-being and happiness.
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